Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a relatively new condition that has emerged as cannabis use has become more widespread. While cannabis is often touted for its therapeutic benefits, particularly in managing chronic pain, anxiety, and nausea, it can also lead to a paradoxical effect in some users — cannabis hyperemesis syndrome. In this article, we dive deep into cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, symptoms, causes, and potential treatments, to help you understand this rare but serious condition.
What is Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome?
Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition characterized by severe, persistent nausea and vomiting in people who regularly use cannabis. The symptoms typically develop in individuals who have been using cannabis for a long period, and who consume high doses of THC, the psychoactive compound in marijuana. It’s not clear why some suffer from CHS while others don’t.
While cannabis is commonly used to alleviate nausea, CHS is a contradictory condition where the opposite effect occurs. People with CHS experience cycles of intense vomiting that can last for hours or even days. Interestingly, hot water (baths or showers) often temporarily alleviates symptoms, though the underlying cause remains unclear.
Symptoms of Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome
The hallmark symptoms of cannabis hyperemesis syndrome include:
Severe Nausea and Vomiting: Individuals with CHS experience recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting that are often difficult to manage. These episodes can last hours or even days.
Abdominal Pain: Along with nausea and vomiting, many individuals with CHS report mild to severe abdominal pain.
Compulsive Hot Water Bathing: One of the distinctive features of CHS is the overwhelming urge to take hot showers or baths. Patients often feel temporary, short-lived relief from their symptoms when exposed to hot water. Again, the reason for this is unclear to experts.
Dehydration and Weight Loss: Persistent vomiting can cause individuals with CHS to become severely dehydrated or lose weight.
Chronic Use of Cannabis: CHS usually develops in individuals who have used cannabis regularly for an extended period — often years. This condition is more common in heavy, long-term users rather than occasional or first-time cannabis consumers.
Causes & Risk Factors of CHS
The exact cause of cannabis hyperemesis syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the way cannabis interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which regulates a range of physiological processes, including mood, appetite, and nausea.
Some key factors that may contribute to the development of CHS include:
Chronic THC Exposure: The main active compound in cannabis, THC, binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and gut. Over time, chronic use of cannabis — especially high-THC strains — can cause an imbalance in this system, potentially leading to nausea and vomiting.
Genetics: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to develop CHS. A family history of gastrointestinal disorders or cannabis-related issues may increase the likelihood of developing the syndrome.
Frequency of Use: Heavy, frequent use of cannabis is a common risk factor for CHS. Studies suggest that individuals who consume cannabis daily or in large quantities are more likely to develop this condition.
Other Underlying Conditions: Certain gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastroparesis or irritable bowel syndrome, may make individuals more susceptible to CHS.
How is Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Diagnosed?
Diagnosing CHS can be challenging. Its symptoms can mimic those of other gastrointestinal disorders like gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, or cyclic vomiting syndrome. A healthcare provider typically diagnoses CHS based on a combination of factors:
Patient History: The patient’s long-term cannabis use history is crucial. A thorough assessment of the frequency, quantity, and type of cannabis used can help rule out other causes of nausea and vomiting. Complete honesty in your doctor’s appointments is key.
Physical Examination: Healthcare providers may perform tests to check for dehydration, abdominal tenderness, and other signs indicating a gastrointestinal issue.
Exclusion of Other Conditions: Ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms, such as infections or gastrointestinal disorders, can lead to CBS diagnosis.
Response to Cannabis Abstinence: One of the key diagnostic clues is the patient’s response to stopping cannabis use. Most individuals with CHS experience an improvement in symptoms within days to weeks of quitting cannabis, further confirming the diagnosis.
Treatment & Management of CHS
The primary and most effective treatment for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome is to discontinue cannabis use. After cannabis cessation, vomiting and nausea often subside, leading to recovery in a matter of days.
However, there are several steps that one may take to manage symptoms during a CHS episode:
Hydration: Since dehydration is a common concern due to vomiting, it is essential to rehydrate with oral fluids or, in severe cases, intravenous fluids.
Antiemetics: Medications that help control nausea and vomiting (antiemetics) may be prescribed to manage symptoms. However, these are often less effective for CHS than for other types of nausea.
Pain Management: In some cases, pain management may be necessary for significant abdominal discomfort.
Behavioral Health Support: Behavioral health support or therapy may help individuals address underlying reasons for heavy cannabis use and find alternatives.
Hot Showers: Although not a long-term solution, taking hot showers or baths is a well-known symptom relief technique for CHS. The heat seems to offer temporary relief, though it is not a cure.
Preventing Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome
The best way to prevent cannabis hyperemesis syndrome is to limit cannabis use. Many of us do not need large amounts of THC to feel relief from Medical Cannabis. For individuals who use cannabis medicinally, it is important to monitor consumption closely and to discuss any potential side effects with a healthcare provider. For recreational users, moderation is key — especially if they have a history of gastrointestinal issues or have been using cannabis for years. Finding your “just right” dose or lowering your tolerance to THC may help prevent CHS.
Find Relief from CHS
Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome is a rare but serious condition that affects long-term, heavy cannabis users, causing episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice and stop using cannabis to prevent further complications. With proper treatment and a commitment to discontinuing cannabis use, most individuals with CHS can recover fully. For helpful Medical Cannabis tips and tricks for use, check out our educational guides or schedule an appointment at any of our clinics to chat with a Qualified Medical Provider.
